Fluoroscopy Operator Radiation Safety Test Version: 12/17/01

1. Radiation burns are most likely to occur in which type of patient?

a. Thin adult, since the radiation can penetrate easier b. Diabetic patient (Type II) because poorly modulated blood sugar concentrations. c. Obese adult, since output of machine is increased. d. Dialysis patient, since electrolyte concentration variations influences radiation toxicity.

2. Which one of the following symptoms may be caused from a cumulative radiation effect?

   a. Erythema (skin reddening) b. Temporary male sterility c. Cataracts d.“Spidey” sense and increased strength.

3. Good radiation safety practice dictates which of the following should be employed?

a. The x-ray tube and the input to the image intensifier should be at approximately equal distance from the patient's skin. b. The x-ray tube should be close to the patient, with the image intensifier as far from the patient as the c-arm allows. c. The image intensifier should be close to the patient, with the x-ray tube as far from the patient as the c-arm allows. d. The position of the x-ray tube and image intensifier are not important as long as the radiation field size is large and circular.

4. The following statement is correct regarding acute effects of radiation:

a. Whole body acute radiation effects are unlikely to be caused by fluoroscopy equipment. b. Localized skin effects can be caused by fluoroscopy equipment. c. Many localized skin effects will not develop until the patient leaves the clinic. d. The time of each fluoroscopy procedure should be recorded to help predict patient effects. e. All of the above.

5. Effective reduction in exposure to personnel operating the fluoroscope or assisting in the procedure can be achieved by all of the techniques below, except:

a. Use of lead apron, thyroid shield and lead eyeglasses. b. Work on the side where the beam enters the patient. c. Orient the beam so as to utilize the patient as a radiation shield. d. Stand as far as possible from the point where the radiation beam enters the patient. e. Use of high kVp fluoroscopic techniques.

6. Reduction of radiation beam ON-time can be facilitated by all of the following except:

a. Use of last image hold (LIH) feature. b. Frequently resetting the accumulative fluoro timer. c. Reduction in the scattered radiation rate to the operator. d. Short intermittent periods of fluoroscopy. e. Efficiency in the operating area.

7. The discovery that cells are most sensitive when they are rapidly dividing, undifferentiated, and have a long mitotic future was made by:

a. Geiger and Mueller. b. Jake and Elwood. c. Bergonie and Tribondeau d. Lezberg and Parry. e. This discovery was not made since it is invalid for most circumstances.

8. Radiation is a general term defined as:

a. Particle emissions that produce ether gradients. b. A force field that causes spatial anomalies. c. Energy in form of waves or particles. d. Ray beams that cause triboluminescence in humans.

9. Which of the following is not a way to protect against external sources of radiation?

a. Limiting time. b. Maximizing distance. c. Maximizing respiration rate. d. Maximizing shielding.

10. When an electron is completely removed from an atom, the process is called?

a. Ionization b. Excitation c. Nonsensible d. Luminescence

11. ALARA stands for:

a. "As Low As Reasonably Achievable" b. "A Loyal, Alert, Radiation Area" c. "A Legally Allowable Radiation Amount" d. "A Large Area Radiation Alarm"

12. Leaded apparel must be:

a. Tested quarterly by the Radiation Safety Office. b. Must be paid for by an individual like your work clothes. c. Tested annually and documented by your unit. d. At least 1 mm lead equivalent thickness.

13. The primary x-ray beam is?

a. The largest source of a workers radiation dose. b. Scatters significantly in the air. c. A smaller source of radiation to worker dose than scatter radiation from the patient. d. Emitted from the larger part of the c-arm machine (image intensifier).

14. The magnification modes...

a. Limit skin entrance dose rate since only small area is viewed. b. use should be minimized. c. has a focal spot image distance of 3 to 6 microns (um). d. Means using a magnifying glass (porro prism type) to view the image.

15. Collimation of the X-ray beam…

a. Improves the image since scatter is reduced. b. Reduces dose to the patient since less body area is exposed. c. Reduces the dose to workers since scatter radiation is reduced. d. All of the above. e. None of the above.

16. What is the patient dose limit?

a. 5 rem per image. b. 500 rad per day. c. 6.02 x 1023 atom/mole. d. There is no patient dose limit.

17. The I-I (Image intensifier):

a. Converts the X-ray energy into light. b. Should be located as close to the patient as possible. c. Effectively captures the primary beam. d. All of the above.

18. Most of the X-rays used to produce an image in fluoroscopy are:

a. Cerenkov X-ray radiation. b. Characteric X-ray radiation. c. Bremstrahlung X-ray radiation. d. Emma-Hannahian X-ray radiation. e. Positron Emission X-ray Radiation.

19. The quantity of X-ray is primarily controlled by:

a. The X-ray machine voltage (kVp) b. The X-ray machine current (mA) c. The X-ray machine numerator (1/?). d. The Film Axial Device (FAD).

20. Leaded aprons

a. Have great strength due to the density of lead. b. Do no allow any x-rays to penetrate. c. Must be paid for by individuals. d. Are tested annually by TMS/Novare along with the x-ray equipment. e. None of the above.

21. The average person receives how much background (Natural) radiation dose per year?

a. 3 mrem/year (0.3 mSv/year) b. 300 mrem/year (3 mSv/year) c. 3000 mrem/year. (30 mSv/year) d. None of the above.

Fluoroscopy Training Course Evaluation

This course was of acceptable content 12345

I consider this course valuable to my job 12345

I believe this course taught the essentials of radiation safety 12345

I believe it is important to have an annual review of this material 12345

I feel better about working with radiation 12345

I understood the majority of the presentation 12345

I believe the instructor(s) were qualified 12345

I thought the exam represented the course content 12345